Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el uso de servicios de urgencias de Salud Mental. Revisión sistemática.

Aitana Cerdá Falcó, David Sancho-Cantus

Resumen


Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las evidencias disponibles respecto a las consultas a los servicios de urgencias por problemas de salud mental en la población general durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

Metodología: Se siguieron las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA), y se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, APA PsicInfo, CINHAL Complete y Scielo en base a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Ha aumentado el número de consultas urgentes relacionadas con la salud mental durante y tras la pandemia por COVID-19? La calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados se evaluó mediante la herramienta Fichas de Lectura Crítica 3.0â.

Resultados: Durante la pandemia el número de personas que buscaron ayuda urgente por problemas de salud mental disminuyó en comparación con el año anterior, pero las crisis atendidas fueron más graves. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron tanto en 2019 como en 2020 los trastornos del estado de ánimo y el comportamiento suicida.

Conclusiones: La población general no suele buscar ayuda urgente por problemas emocionales, por tanto, las personas que acuden a centros sanitarios de manera urgente por motivos relacionados con la salud mental y, más aún aquellas que acudieron en plena pandemia, experimentan crisis muy graves o se sienten verdaderamente en peligro.


Palabras clave


COVID-19, cuarentena, salud mental, servicios médicos de urgencia, población

Citas


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